Energy Situation In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(28) " its coal militias at Thar\." Pakistan has been enduring from energy crisis since the last few old ages, which has earnestly affected its people. The power sector of Pakistan suffers from a serious deficit of up to 5000MW ( USAID Pakistan: Energy Efficiency and Capacity, 2012 ) .The spread between demand and supply has been invariably widening. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Situation In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peoples are passing insomniac darks in summer. Load casting has become an issue of all the people. Where the rich people can afford UPS and generators, the hapless 1s can merely afford to bear the effects of power outage. Apart from personal jobs of the people, acute power outages have earnestly paralyzed the commercial and economic activities in the state and are making many hurdlings in development of the state. If we examine the present energy profile of Pakistan, it is run intoing its energy demands from different beginnings. Pakistan is bring forthing 48 per centum of its electricity from gas, 33 per centum from hydel power, 17 per centum from oil, two per centum from atomic and one per centum from coal. If we examine the figures, it is clear that Pakistan is underutilizing its natural resources to bring forth electricity. We have failed to work those resources that nature has bestowed upon us. We have non decently tapped our natural resources, even though we could hold met our energy crisis by making that and it is clip we look at this facet with unfastened eyes before the state of affairs gets wholly out of manus doing the hereafter coevalss to endure the rough effects. Energy used by Pakistan and spread between its demand and supply: Energy usage refers to utilize of primary energy before transmutation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to autochthonal production plus imports and stock alterations, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international conveyance ( TheWorldBank, 2012 ) . In footings of per capita ingestion Pakistan ranks comparatively low – 164 out of 217 states ( CIAWorldFactbook, 2003-2011 ) . Energy utilizations and national income per capita are straight related, because energy ingestion is critical to the development of an industrial economic system. In malice of being at the lower terminal of the word-wide energy devouring spectrum, Pakistan faces serious troubles in carry throughing its energy demands due to even lesser supply than the demand of energy. The Government estimates that energy demand will go on to turn during the following two decennaries, with Pakistan necessitating an estimated extra 35,000 MW of power coevals capacity by 2020. Based on th e analysis, the expected new power coevals build out will be about 7,700 MW of extra capacity by 2020, go forthing a spread of over 27,000 MW. In a nutshell, supply rate is neglecting to maintain in sync with the increasing demand rate owing to industrialisation, growing in agribusiness and services sectors, urbanisation, lifting per capita income and electrification of rural and urban countries. Possible solutions to the job of Energy crisis: In order to do up for the shortage and acquire the state out of a serious energy crisis that it is soon facing, both short-run and long-run policy enterprise are needed that enhance the state ‘s capacity to run into its demands. The possible solutions to the energy deficit can be divided into three chief types: 1. Conservation of present energy beginnings This includes cut downing inordinate ingestion of electricity and hence conveying down the demand for energy. This is short term step that can significantly cut down on the burden during peak demand periods by salvaging electricity. Conservation includes alterations in life style as good installing of energy efficient devices, edifice patterns and electricity distribution and direction programs that optimize the supply when the demand is at its extremum. 2. Importing more energy Another option to assist increase the energy base of the state is depending on more imported fuel. At present Pakistan meets 75 % of its energy demands by domestic resources including gas, oil and hydroelectricity production. Merely 25 % energy demands are being managed through imports. Presently, programs are underway for importing gas from cardinal Asia. However, this scenario is besides certain to hold a negative impact on Pakistan ‘s balance of payments and hence a more reliable and sustainable beginning of energy is required. 3. Investing in autochthonal renewable and non renewable energy beginnings The 3rd option for Pakistan is developing its autochthonal capacity to use the untapped potency of its fuel militias. There is important room for development in all resources including oil, gas, coal and hydel – provided that the proficient and commercial restraints associated with the public-service corporation of these resources are overcome. Coal as a new enterprise for Pakistan: Despite being a non-renewable energy beginning, surveies indicate that coal is traveling to play a really important function in the planetary energy scenario during the following two centuries. Harmonizing to an IEA study, coal usage is likely to turn from 41 % to 44 % , as a beginning for power coevals, by 2030 due to energy security and monetary value volatility. On the other manus, the portion of coal as a beginning of electricity bring forthing fuel in Pakistan bases at a meager 0.1 % in comparing to the universe norm of 41 % . Given the crisp rise in the oil monetary values in the international market every bit good as the fast depletion of Pakistan ‘s gas militias due to increased demand, it is imperative that Pakistan look towards alternate beginnings of energy including coal. There are a figure of advantages pointed out in favour of this development. These include: Abundance and security of supply. Energy denseness comparable to other beginnings of thermic power. Relatively easier to develop. The excavation and power production engineerings exist and merely an infrastructural development is required prior to their execution Handiness of clean coal engineerings and ways to minimise environmental jeopardies These are the grounds why Pakistan looks towards inventing a feasible scheme for the development of its coal militias at Thar. You read "Energy Situation In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" THARPARKAR COAL MINES: The majority of Pakistan ‘s autochthonal coal resources lie in Sindh. The largest modesty, 175 billion metric tons of lignite coal, is located in the Thar Desert of Sindh. Thar coal is yet to be developed for excavation and power coevals. The development of the Thar resources would supply. The electricity coevals potency of 100,000 MW based on estimated ingestion of 536 million metric tons of coal per twelvemonth, could be a important fuel resource used for proviso of coal base burden capacity in the system supplementing gas based capacity. Further, usage of Thar militias for power coevals would assist in cut downing inordinate trust on imported fuel thereby cut downing the force per unit area of balance of payments in the state. The entire estimated militias in Thar field including measured and conjectural are about 175 billion metric tons. The existent mensural militias are 2.7 billion tones, the oil equivalent of which is 6.59 billion barrels. The oil equivalent of 175 billi on metric tons of coal is about 427 billion barrels. The coal Fieldss cover a entire country of over 9000 sq.km in the Tharparkar desert. The field is covered by sand dunes that extend to an mean deepness of 80 metres. Below that is a bed of sandstone and siltstone which extends from 11m to 127m in thickness. Further underneath are variable sedimentations of clay rock resting on the Bara formation in which coal is embedded. The beds of coal scope in thickness from 0.20m to 22.81m ; the maximal thickness widening up to 36m in certain topographic point. The coal seam itself is present at a deepness of between 114-203m. The chief beginning of H2O in Thar is groundwater. The groundwater is present in three chief aquifers at changing deepnesss. The mean deepnesss are 50m, 120m and more than 200m which means that at least one aquifer is located in the coal bearing zone and will back up the mining/extraction processes ( GovernmentofSind, 2008 ) . Quality of Coal Coal quality and its contents have serious effects on the efficiency of the power workss in which it is used and besides on the grade of pollution that is created as a effect of electricity coevals. The coal found in Thar is lignite holding a lower warming value as compared to other types which makes it suited for electricity coevals. Its power coevals capacity is 10,289 MW. The brown coal at Thar has a heating value of 6200 – 11,000Btu/lb. Other of import constituents of the coal and their proportion are: Carbon ( 19.35-22 % ) , Ash ( 5.18-6.56 % ) , Moisture ( 43.24-49.01 % ) , Volatile affair ( 26.5-33.04 % ) and Sulphur ( 0.92-1.34 % ) . Production of electricity from coal: Some of the methods of production of electricity from coal are as follows: Pulverized Fuel ( PF ) engineering: In this procedure, coal is reduced to ticket pulverization signifier, stored and so transported by air to the burner as coal air mixture for burning. This method involves direct combustion of the coal to bring forth heat that is used to bring forth steam from H2O to turn conventional steam turbines. It is a straightforward technique but direct combustion of coal increases the external costs of energy by let go ofing nursery gases and other toxic oxides and fouling particulate affair into the ambiance in big sums. The efficiency of such a system is merely approximately 33 % . Fluidized Bed Combustion ( FBC ) engineering: Fluidized-bed burning ( FBC ) engineering is a type of burning procedure in which the solid coal is suspended on jets of air. In this manner, more efficient commixture of gas and solids occurs, taking to more efficient heat transportation. The low temperature demand for burning reaction is one of the primary advantages because it reduces the formation of toxic azotic oxide. Additionally, FBC engineering causes inexpensive and easy remotion of sulfur dioxide during burning in comparing with the â€Å" stack scrubber † engineering. Furthermore, add-on of other solid fuels ( such as biomass ) along with the coal can besides be supported by FBC into the reaction mixture.A Coal Gasification ( CG ) technology/IGCC: IGCCA ( Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle ) A with Carbon Capture and Storage ( CCS ) engineering allows coal to be used to bring forth power as flawlessly as natural gas. IGCC engineering has three basic constituents. In the gasification stage, heat, force per unit area, pure O and H2O are used to interrupt char down into its constituent parts and change over it into a clean man-made gas ( syngas ) .The syngas is cleaned before it can be converted into utility natural gas ( SNG ) which finally fuels the power turbines. Staying particulates are removed from the syngas in the particulate scrubber. Carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) by adding steam in displacement vas. The gasification procedure makes it possible to capture most of the quicksilver, sulfurA and C dioxide ( CO2 ) in the syngas. The captured CO2A will be transported via grapevine for usage in enhanced oil recovery or storage in a saline geologic reservoir. The IGCC works so converts the syngas into utility natural gas ( SNG or methane ) , through a procedure called methanation. The SNG, which is comparatively high in energy content, powers two gas turbines. Excess heat contained in the fumes from those turbines so heats H2O to power a steam turbine. The higher energy content of the SNG ( as compared with syngas ) improves the efficiency of the power production. This combined rhythm ends up heightening the power works ‘s efficiency up to 60 % .Gasification is the engineering that most power workss are switching towards global and Thar Coal development is besides expected to construct IGCC workss for an environmental friendly procedure of coevals of electricity. The electricity to be produced from the coal gas would be about Rs. 4 per unit. Environmental Analysis: The beginnings of air pollution from coal based power workss fall include C emanations, particulate affair and other nursery gases and toxic oxides. Carbon emanations and other green house gases such as methane and N oxides are of import from the clime alteration perspective whereas toxic oxides and volatile particulate affair pose wellness jeopardies if the human population is exposed to certain degrees. In add-on to these quicksilver and other heavy metals are released which are linked with both neurological and developmental harm in worlds and other animate beings. Fly ash and underside ash are residues created when coal is burned at power workss. In the yesteryear, fly ash was released into the air through the smokestack, but now most of it is captured by pollution control devices, like scrubbers. The chief beginning of groundwater pollution is from the belowground processes that are carried out in the locality of aquifers in order to pull out coal or syngas. This affects the quality of groundwater and besides reduces its measure. It should be kept in head that land H2O is the lone beginning of H2O for the people of Thar. Dirt and Land pollution is a consequence of the excavation procedure itself as it may go forth the land non useable for agricultural or business by life because of drastic alterations in the surface or deposition of harmful affair in the dirt. Clean coal engineering and cut downing the harmful impacts of coal excavation: Clean coal technologyA is a aggregation of engineerings being developed to cut down the environmental impacts ofA coalA energy coevals. Some clean coal engineerings purify the coal before it burns. One type of coal readying is coal rinsing. It removes unwanted minerals by blending crushed coal with a liquid and leting the drosss to divide and settle. Other systems control the coal burn to minimise emanations of S dioxide, N oxides and particulates.A Wet scrubbers, or flue gas desulfurization systems, take S dioxide, a major cause of acid rain, by spraying flue gas with limestone and H2O. Low-NOx ( nitrogen oxide ) burnersA cut down the creative activity of N oxides by curtailing O and pull stringsing the burning process.A Electrostatic precipitatorsA take particulates that aggravate asthma and do respiratory complaints by bear downing atoms with an electrical field and so capturing them on aggregation home bases. GasificationA avoids firing coal wholly. With incorporate gasification combined rhythm ( IGCC ) systems, steam and hot pressurized air or O combine with coal in a reaction that forces C molecules apart. The resultingA syngas, a mixture of C monoxide and H, is so cleaned and burned in a gas turbine to do electricity. Carbon gaining control and storageA is the most promising clean coal engineering. In order to detect the most efficient and economical agencies ofA C gaining control, research workers have developed several engineerings. One of them, flue-gas separation is a technique thatA removes CO2 with a dissolver, strips off the CO2 with steam, and condenses the steam into a concentrated watercourse. The CO2A can so be sequestered, which puts CO2A into storage, perchance belowground, in such a manner that it will stay at that place for good. Flue gas separation besides renders commercially useable CO2. Another procedure, A oxy-fuel burning, burns the fuel in pure or enriched O to make a flue gas composed chiefly of CO2 and H2O which saves the energy required for dividing the CO2 from other flue gasses. A 3rd engineering, A pre-combustion gaining control, removes the CO2 before it ‘s burned as a portion of a gasification procedure. The CO2 removed can be stored in geologic or pelagic reser voirs from where it ca n’t come in the ambiance. A DepletedA oilA or gas Fieldss and deep saline aquifers safely contain CO2 while deep belowground coal seams absorb it. A procedure calledA enhanced oil recoveryA already uses CO2 to keep force per unit area and better extraction in oil reservoirs. All signifiers of CO2 storage require careful readying and monitoring to avoid making environmental problemsA Reuse and recycling can besides cut down coal ‘s environmental impact. Land that was antecedently used for coal excavation can be reclaimed for utilizations like airdromes, landfills, and golf classs. Waste merchandises captured by scrubbers can be used to bring forth merchandises like cement and man-made gypsum for drywall. 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Ode on Melancholy free essay sample

In Ode on Melancholy John Keats expresses to readers the truth he sees, that joy and pain are inseparable and to experience joy fully we must experience sadness fully. Keats valued intensity of emotion, thought, and experience (â€Å"Classification Of Poem†). Keats does not stray away from the suggestion that feeling intensely means that grief or depression may cause sorrow and torture. Throughout the poem Keats expresses his values and emotions by constructing a certain sense of the poem. Readers can agree that â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† reflects on John Keats because of formal structure, theme, and thematic elements. â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† addresses the subject of how to cope with sadness. The first stanza tells readers what not to do. In the poem, the speakers states to the sufferer should not forget their sadness, should not commit suicide (nightshade, â€Å"the ruby grape of Proserpine†), or become obsessed with objects of death and misery (the beetle, the death-moth, and the owl). Keats claims by doing these things that it will make the anguish of the soul drowsy, and the sufferer should do everything he or she can to remain aware of and alert to the depths of his suffering . In the second stanza, he tells the sufferer what to do instead of resulting to the things in the first stanza. When afflicted with â€Å"the melancholy fit,† the sufferer should instead overcome his sorrows with natural beauty, glutting it on the morning rose, â€Å"on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave,† (line 16) or in the eyes of their beloved (†Summary on John Keats-Ode on Melancholy†). In the third stanza, he explains these injunctions, saying that joy and pain are inseparable: Beauty must die, joy is fleeting, and the flower of pleasure is forever â€Å"turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips† (line 24). Keats says that the shrine of melancholy is inside the â€Å"temple of Delight,† (line 25) but that it is only visible if one can overwhelm oneself with joy until it reveals its center of sadness (â€Å"Classification Of Poem†). â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is the shortest of Keatss odes and was written in a very regular form. Each stanza is ten lines long and metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter. The first two stanzas, offering advice to the sufferer, follow the same rhyme scheme, ; the third, which explains the advice to the sufferer, varies the ending slightly, following a scheme of (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy: Melancholy’s Pleasure†). Most readers can agree that this poem’s structure is progressive. Keats begins the poem with many negative particles. In the first verse of the first stanza he says:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No, no, go not to Lethe,  neither twist† (line 1)  because he is showing his rejection to those who look for something to calm his or her pain. Also the lines three and six begin with the word  nor and he uses this word in order to reinforce his ideas to the readers. Keats is warning the sufferer about what he or she should not do to avoid the pain and that we do not have to forget the sadness (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy: Melancholy’s Pleasure†). In the second stanza Keats is saying what to do if the melancholy arrives. If the melancholy overpowers you, then to fight against the sadness you have to console yourself with the Beauty: the beauty of the rainbow, the beauty of the flowers (â€Å"peonies and morning roses†) and the beauty of your beloved’s eyes. It is ironic the way he uses negative symbols like  weeping cloud  and positive symbols like  morning rose, rainbow and peonies, because he expresses to readers that these beautiful things need the help of the negative things (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy: Melancholy’s Pleasure). Keats starts the third stanza by saying:  She dwells with Beauty Beauty that must die. Readers can agree that this line in the poem is very important because Keats was very concerned with beauty, saying beauty is temporary (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy: Melancholy’s Pleasure†). Keats uses â€Å"she†Ã‚  to refer to melancholy because the melancholy is beautiful in his eyes. In this stanza readers can see the irony. In the poem it states  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ay, in the very temple of Delight/ Veild  Melancholy has her  sovran  shrine†Ã‚  (lines 25-26). The melancholy has his or her shrine in the temple of delight, but it is  veil’d  because when we are happy and when we are not melancholic, we can’t see it and we think we will be happy forever. The main idea that readers can obtain from â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is that we, as human beings, cannot escape from the pain, but when we are faced with melancholy we fight through it. â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is different than any other of Keats’s works because of its style and theme. Readers can agree that the theme of â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is we cannot escape from pain and when we are faced with melancholy we must fight through it. Keats wrote most of his works during the Romanticism period in which authors wrote about their feelings and emotions. By Keats being an author during that period, the theme of â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† expresses his writings (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†). Throughout the poem Keats uses his style of writing to portray the theme to readers. He uses thematic elements such as personification and similes to express the theme. Personification is shown in the poem when Keats states â€Å"Veild Melancholy has her  sovran  shrine† (line 26). Keats uses this line in the poem to compare melancholy to a person, stating that the sufferer cannot let melancholy have power over them. Similes are shown in the poem when Keats states â€Å"But when the melancholy fit shall fall/ Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud† (lines 11-12). He compares melancholy to a weeping cloud, stating that melancholy is so strong that it can fall upon the sufferer like a weeping cloud (â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†). By Keats using these thematic elements the theme is expressed to readers. John Keats uses his values and emotions to portray to readers the way to handles things. â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† is one of his most honest works to date and continues to stand out in literature today. By him using a certain structure and theme, this work stands out from any of his other works. Readers can agree that Keats wants the audience to know that it does get better and that when you are faced with melancholy that you must see it through.

The Biggest Scam in History Essays - Climate Change, Global Warming

The Greatest Scam in History There are literally thousands of new scams that arise each day. Most of them are easily identifiable, others are not. However, the biggest scam in history is one that still goes on today. It is known as ?global warming?. Back in the 1990?s, some scientists manipulated long-term scientific data to create the allusion of global warming. Other scientists, in efforts to save their rapidly increasing unemployment rate, quickly joined other scientists in the global warming scheme to broaden and enhance ?research?. Their claims caused frightened members of the government to lend huge research grants. The movement kept growing and rapidly gained popularity and media attention, making it the biggest scam of all time. Environmental extremists, notable politicians among them then teamed up with movie, media, and other liberal, environmentalists to create this wild ?scientific? scenario of threatening consequences that would come from global warming. People were quick to ask the question ?What can we do to prevent it Scientists quickly came up with some radical agenda that would bring more funding into their fields of study and perpetuate the myth of global warming. Their ?research?, that was quickly accepted as fact, became the central topic for CNN, CBS, NBC, the Democratic Political Party, the Governor of California, school teachers, and in many cases, environmentally conscious citizens. The topic of global warming sometimes even eclipsed that of the wars going on overseas. The scientists? blame for global warming is excess pollution which substantially intensifies the greenhouse effect and, in turn, causes a rapid increase in temperature. It is claimed that this increase in temperature would destroy agriculture, melt the icecaps, flood the coastlines, and end life as we know it. That is, of course, unless you invest money in research for global warming. This is when business owners discovered that they could also benefit from the scheme of global warming and become much more profitable. The businesses called this change ?going green?. Going green has actually been around a little bit longer than the myth of global warming; but at the time it wasn?t called going green. It started in the 1980?s when American vehicle manufacturers were losing a lot of their sales to Japanese imports because they were more dependable and got better gas mileage. GM and Ford quickly claimed that they were working on a car called a hybrid that could operate in the absence of gasoline. In fact, the first American car to boast its great gas mileage was the Ford Aerostar. That was in the 1980?s and Ford promised to have a hybrid car by the year 2000. After the scam of global warming was introduced the car companies also applied for government funding to find the solution to the gas-powered car. Government poured funds far and wide to find solutions. Then other companies started to do the same. Food industries make their bags of recycled plastics, grocery bags are now made of biodegradable materials, and even cleaning companies are going green by putting less harmful chemicals in their products. This enormously increases profits for these companies because of the big scare of global warming. Scientists today are still conducting research on global warming. They know that if they do research and their results are in no way alarming, their research will just gather dust on the shelf. On the other hand, when they do research that sounds alarms, they will become well known and respected and receive scholarly awards. Most importantly though, more research dollars will come their way. There are greater amounts of evidence supporting global cooling and global homeostasis than there is to support global warming. This research typically doesn?t get published and will sit somewhere on a lab shelf. Our planet is not in peril. It is all a scam. It is the result of bad science. There are plenty of scientists, many of them with PhD?s, who admit that global warming is all a scam. They freely speak their mind because their field of study is not funded on the foundation of global warming. In conclusion, global warming is not real. It is all a scam. There is more research that opposes global warming than supports it; and scientists only support global warming to support their

Thermal insulators Essay Example

Thermal insulators Essay Example Thermal insulators Paper Thermal insulators Paper Essay Topic: Sula To investigate different materials for the most effective thermal insulator for a house. Introduction Heat transfer is the gain and loss of energy. There are three ways in which thermal energy can be transferred:   Conduction   Convection   Radiation Conduction this is when energy travels from molecule to another. When one molecule receives energy it begins to vibrate and hits other molecules and makes them vibrate. And will spread throughout the object. Convection this will only occur in gases and liquids. When heat is applied to the bottom of the substance, it will heat it up. When it heats up, it will rise to the top, forcing colder areas towards the heat source and then they will receive energy and rise to the top, etc. Radiation it travels in waves. When it hits a molecule it makes it vibrate. I will be concentrating on conduction, as this is the main way in which thermal energy is transferred lost from housing. Which means that I need something that is a bad thermal conductor (good thermal insulator) to keep the amount of conduction to a bare minimum? Plan. I am planning to test five materials (paper, cling film, cloth, bubble wrap and plastic) and one control, three times and find the average (to ensure accuracy). Whichever material changes the temp of the water the least is the best insulator. I will wrap them around a 200ml beaker (no lid) and fill it with 200ml of boiling water. Then Ill take the temp eleven times: once at the beginning, and once every min for a period of ten minutes. Equipment List Stop watch 1 Thermometer 6 200ml beakers 6 Kettle 1 Fair Test The following will be kept the same throughout the whole experiment:   Method Time given to cool. Equipment   Conditions Also some of the variables will be need to be kept the same throughout the whole experiment: The variables The variables that will be kept the same The variables that will be changed Start temp of water Start temp of water Material (insulator) Start volume Start volume Room Temp Room Temp Material (insulator) Surface area of beaker Surface area of beaker   this is a variable because it changes the amount of convection that happens. Method 1. Prepare the beakers by insulating them with the five materials (except the control) using elastic bands. 2. Put water in the kettle and turn it on. 3. When the water is hot, pour 200ml into any 3 of the 6 (doing three at a time, gives you more control over the experiment. 4. Place thermometers in the beakers. 5. Record the start temp. 6. Start the stop watch. 7. Record the temp every min for ten min. 8. Repeat the process for the remaining three. Prediction I think that the best thermal insulator will be the bubble wrap due to the fact that it contains trapped air. Trapped air is a good insulator therefore it takes longer for energy to transfer through gasses because the molecules are further part, a vibrating molecule takes longer to hit into another molecule and make it vibrate. The worst thermal insulator will be something that has compact molecules as it is easy for the vibrations to spread throughout. Results in degrees Celsius Material Start temp i C 1 min 2 min 3 min 4 min 5 min 6 min 7 min 8 min 9 min 10 min Cloth did plan to repeat the experiment three times and find the average. However due to a lack of time this did not happen. Analysis All the materials are above the control; this gives me the impression that all the materials do have some resistance to the thermal energy that is transferring through the beaker. The graph has a negative correlation which explains, as time goes on the temperature of the water decrease. The papers final result is 68 and plastics is 67, however they both have same line of best fit, which implies to me that their results are very similar. This may well me that they are equally good insulators. My prediction was that the bubble wrap was the best insulator because it contains a lot of trapped air. However after completing the investigation, my prediction proved to be incorrect. The best insulator proved to the paper. My only explanation to this is that when the paper was wrapped round the beaker some air became trapped between the paper and beaker and cause and insulation sufficient enough to keep the temperature of the water higher than the rest. Evaluation Although this experiment went well I felt that it could have been improved, for example. Having the same length and width of each material would have the experiment much better in fairness. Also I was not able to repeat the experiment twice more due to lack of time which severely affected the accuracy of the results and investigation. Finally having a thermometer for making sure the room temp stays the same I think that the method was fine and has no problems of any sort except one: testing the room temp and making sure it stays the same. Conclusion To conclude, this experiment was seemingly fair, however there is a margin for improvement. The paper was the best insulator however I think this was an accident due to the trapped air. I now know that the closer the molecules in an object the better the object is at conducting energy. Which means any thing with trapped air would be a sufficient insulator. This is why they use double glazed windows as an insulator. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. 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Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Question - Essay Example Especially when the conflicts and tensions go on like they have been doing for the past several years. These areas are very dry and, due to the fact that armed forces changed their way of warfare by getting ‘mean’ and just cutting areas off from water supplies, people are more likely to suffer from fresh water shortage, irrigation problems and all kinds of water related diseases. Since there is not really any proper solution, and maybe not a ‘real’ threat yet, water wars may develop in countries or regions with high populations in combination with low fresh water supplies, like the Middle East. International water resources: Another conflict variable Not only are the conflicts over water coming from within one country threatening societies, other countries and the shared water resources are a threat to fresh water supplies in the future as well. Some scholars have been saying for many years now that either scarcity can contribute to conflict and other schola rs have argued that scarcity can contribute to a solution (Dinar 35). Factors and variables that influence the conflict or the solution of these international water problems are mentioned by Dinar (35).

Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Risk management - Essay Example Various related sub-topics are discussed, such as ‘Admitted’ and ‘Non-Admitted’ besides analysing each mentioned domicile destination so that the most preferable domicile is finalised. Starting with Australia, other domiciles are discussed in detail. Guernsey takes the lead as it has maximum favourable points keeping in view the long-term strategic risk-management planning for an Australian conglomerate. The ends by pointing out the difference between a captive and other insurance companies, as a captive insurance can not cover certain insurances. TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary...........................................................................................................1 Table of Content................................................................................. ... ..........................5 4. Impact of Australia’s DOFI legislation on the company decision..................................6 5. Addressing the ‘Admitted’ vs. ‘Non Admitted’..............................................................7 6. Australia...........................................................................................................................8 7. Guernsey...........................................................................................................................9 7.1 Guernsey Plus-side..........................................................................................................9 7.2 The Non-EU Status of Guernsey...................................................................................10 7.3 The Advantageous Legislative Design..........................................................................10 8. Bermuda............................................................................. ..............................................11 9. Singapore..........................................................................................................................12 10. Conclusion & Recommendation.....................................................................................13 11. A class of insurance that the captive can’t cover.............................................................13 12. References.......................................................................................................................14 Captive Insurance 1. Introduction Increasing doubts in the world economy and random highs in premiums in the commercial insurance sector have encouraged companies from varied industries to plan their own captive insurance companies. Firms over a varied length of

Latinos Communityeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Latinos Communityeth - Essay Example Latinos is a term used for the people who belong to Latin America. This region consists of each countries, each with their unique language, culture and identity. But their immigration to other countries of the world like United States of America and Spain have crushed their individual identity and made them popular as a collective unit, yet considered a minority and treated with biases and prejudice. This discrimination and highlight of a community aspect of Latinos has been mostly brought forward by the Spanish media, whether it be the television, newspapers, radio or the likes. Such media propogation by any country gives further impetus to different countries to form stereotypes and biases for these people. An Argentinian has a totally different culture than the Bolivian who lives in U.S., a Brazilian has different beliefs than a Colombian who works in U.S. and Ecuadorian will have different thought processes than a person from Panama who study together in U.S. Such differences nee d to be highlighted. Latin America's rich and diverse culture needs to be brought in front of the world but what media does is only show a cross-section of population from Latin America, collectively labels them as Latinos and ignores the diversity available in the region. This is an important topic to address as it wants to... Other topics would just have been an addition to the database of various papers who talk about Latinos. But talking about the injustice that they go through and the situation of being referred to as "Latinos" puts them in an advantageous position as a community and at a disadvantage when it comes to their individuality. This ambiguous situation is difficult to weigh and talked about rarely. The Latinos know what they go through but I, being a student, subjected to the study of Latino culture, want to unravel their range of cultures and individuality as written and argued by prominent authors. Many authors have written on the subject of Latino identity in U.S. and propogation by the Spanish Media. Let us analyse each book and what went in the writing of each: LATIN AMERICA AND ITS PEOPLE, VOLUME I This book has been beautifully penned down in unity by Martin C. and Wasserman, M. They have talked about Latin America till the 1830s. The writers have emphasized on the relationship that Latin America had with Spain. It got a kick start when Latin America got most of Spain's colonies, only with the exception of Cuba and Peurto Rico. This was the harvesting of the seeds of enmity in the heart of Spain. They had lost all their colonies to Latin America and therefore, from them onwards till date, they have used their media as a powerful tool against the Latinos. They are clever enough not to declare open wars against them, but are satisfied by what little damage they can create throught their media. The author has focused on all sides of Latin America, be it be social, political, environmental and cultural history. It does not focus on Latin America country by country, rather takes an all-region approach. But nonetheless, it does not ignore the